Thursday, December 26, 2019

Is Adderall a Stimulant or a Depressant

One common drug question is whether Adderall, a drug commonly prescribed for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), is a stimulant or a depressant. Adderall is an amphetamine, which means it is a stimulant, in the same class of chemicals that includes methamphetamine and benzedrine. Technically, Adderall consists of a mixture of amphetamines: racemic amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, racemic amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharide, and dextroamphetamine sulfate. The drugs effects include euphoria, increased wakefulness, increased focus, increased libido, and diminished appetite. Adderall effects blood pressure, cardiac function, respiration, muscles, and digestive function. As with other amphetamines, it is addictive and discontinuing its use may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Part of the confusion over whether the drug is a stimulant or depressant arises from the different effects people experience depending on dose and individual physiology. While one person may feel jittery and hyper after taking Adderall, another may feel more an increased sense of focus. Sources Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ (June 2013). Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J. Psychopharmacol. 27 (6): 479–496. doi:10.1177/0269881113482532Stahl SM (March 2017). Amphetamine (D,L). Prescribers Guide: Stahls Essential Psychopharmacology (6th ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–51. ISBN 9781108228749.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on The Legalization Drugs - 2187 Words

The Legalization Drugs The dawn of the twenty first century has ushered in a new age of optimism and wonder. Despite the proclamations of television, all is not in well in our part of the world. Our societies have succumbed to the modern holy war on drugs. Being fought against our own citizens and citizens abroad, an international effort to eradicate drug production and use has undoubtedly failed leaving in its wake social unrest and political chaos. Assault, property crime, racial and economic marginalization, murder, corruption and many other undesirable things are burning through society fueled by the drug wars cold and inhuman policies. In addition to these problems there are the initial problems that drug users incur on†¦show more content†¦A regulated drug market would provide drug users with consistent doses, lowering the likelihood of overdose with some drugs. Clear labeling, instructions, and warnings present in a legalized system would result in safer usage. It is known, for instance, th at other, more dangerous drugs, have caused many of the deaths linked to ecstasy. (www.csdp.org/factbook/ecstasy.htm) In the future, such scenarios can be virtually eliminated. Another safety issue surrounding drug usage is the spread of diseases, such as AIDS, through injection drug use. According to a study in 1996 Drug paraphernalia laws in 47 U.S. states make it illegal for injection drug users to posses syringes. (www.csdp.org/factbook/syringee.htm) This law effectively bans needle exchange programs (since they would be giving needles to drug users who are banned from having them). The study concluded that access to clean needles would reduce blood borne viruses in injection drug users. The legalization of drugs would also allow profitable research by pharmaceutical companies into safer drugs that produce similar psychoactive effects to the current illegal ones. New drugs could possibly decrease the negative health effects of drugs reducing the overall harm caused by current un healthy drug use. (www.opiods.com) The safety gapShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Drug Legalization1310 Words   |  6 Pages Drug decriminalization is opposed by the majority of Americans. Leaders in drug prevention, education, treatment, and law enforcement are against it, as are many political leaders. However, pro-drug advocacy groups, who support the use of drugs, are making headlines. They are influencing legislation and having a significant impact on the national policy debate in the United States. Although, pro-advocacy groups claim decriminalization of drugs will lower incarceration rates and boost the economyRead MoreDrug Legalization1579 Words   |  7 Pagesget their drug, being able to get drugs for which they re sure of the quality. Isn t it a gateway drug to harder substances? The effect of criminalization is to drive people from mild drugs to strong drugs... Crack would never have existed in my opinion if you had not had drug prohibition. It was drug prohibition- why was crack created? Because cocaine was so expensive. [Cocaine was so expensive  because of drug prohibition.] But what about the morality of legalization? It sRead MoreLegalization Of Drugs911 Words   |  4 Pages The legalization of illicit drugs has been a popular topic of debate. While there is often concern about the potential toxicity and the habits that may form, drugs are not necessarily the problem. In fact, the legalization of illicit drugs may be the answer to some of society’s problems. More drugs should be legalized because the drug is not the cause of the problem, our behavior is. Also, when compared to other substances that are legal we see the same social ills arise. If drugs were legalizedRead More Drug Legalization Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Legalization Drug legalization has become a great issue among Americans for many years, and there have also been those that try to stop that legalization. The article, â€Å"Legalizing Drugs is Not the Solution† by Gerald W. Lynch, has a good argument based on facts and incidents that have occurred from drug use. In this article a person thinks twice about what they are really doing when they use drugs, and it is clear as to why legalizing drugs would not be a logical solution As spokenRead MoreThe Benefits Of Drug Legalization853 Words   |  4 PagesIllicit Drugs Should Be Legalized Historically, legalization of drugs has been an ongoing debate for years. Drug legalization is a controversial issue in North America because of its potential effects on society. Permitting the use of drugs can undoubtedly have a significant impact on current socio-economic policies. It is essential to note that there are many benefits and consequences associated with legalizing drugs. However, the direct economic and social benefits of drug legalization clearlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Hard Drugs1036 Words   |  5 PagesCase for the Legalization of Hard Drugs in the U.S. The issue of drug abuse is a sad reality in every community, and drug prohibition is present across the globe. Whether it is under the guise of protection of family values, or public safety, prohibition disrupts more than it maintains. Many people view drugs as a problem but they can also be viewed as a problem solver. This essay will address the socioeconomic issues with prohibition of hard drugs, and argue for their legalization. ProhibitionRead MoreDiscussing Drug Legalization1821 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Drugs are bad, mkay.† That’s what we’ve come to learn from Mr. Mackey in South Park (Ike’s Wee Wee). While that is known, what is the best way to combat drug use in society today? It is true the government is spending billions of dollars on the â€Å"War on Drugs,† but if they were to be legalized would that be replaced with money being spent on healthcare due to drug related incidents, or drug treatment programs? It is true that a large amount of crime and the prison population are drug related offendersRead MoreLegalization Of Ilicit Drugs1236 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Illicit Drugs The debate of the legalization of illicit drugs has been around for some time. It is a fairly wide spectrum, with two varying opinions. While one side argues that illicit drugs should be legal, the other side stick to the more conservative side of the spectrum and argues that illicit drugs should remain illegal and have no place in our modern society. This paper will attempt to side with the legalization of illicit drugs for various reasons. It will make the communityRead MoreLegalization of Drugs Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pages The current hot-topic debate about the legalization of marijuana for medical exposes the long lasting debate about the economic viability of prohibiting certain kind of drugs considered illicit. Many social costs to society are attributable to illicit drugs, along with tobacco, alcohol, and guns. In fact, each of these vices is allegedly responsible for $200 billion annual expenditure in social costs of the USA (Donohue, 2010). Interestingly, all these commo dities mentioned above have common characteristics:Read MoreAgainst The Legalization Of Drugs1671 Words   |  7 PagesAgainst the Legalization of Drugs Legalization of drugs is an increasingly hot topic in today’s society. It is one of that needs vast advancements in research and treatment for addicts to prevent the moral and legal obligations, as well as the severe health ramifications that come along with addiction of these powerful drugs. To legalize drugs would be detrimental to the family unit as well as our youth and have serious health consequences at an alarming rate. James Q. Wilson, author of, â€Å"Against

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Strategic Information System for Digitalization - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Information System for Digitalization. Answer: Report Overview, Introduction Background As the world is moving towards the age of globalization and digitalization, the complexity of the business processes keeps on increasing, with pressure of automating the business processes and cost cutting, it becomes impossible for the organizations to run their business without using IT systems. Emerson electric whose case is discussed in this report is one of such organizations which are now considering switching to modern ERP systems from traditional legacy systems. A lot of investment is needed in the ERP projects due to its complexity. Moreover, there are many case studies consisting of FoxMeyer Drug, Hersheys and Nike that how their ERP implementation project proved to be a nightmare and make them on verge of bankruptcy (Hustad, Olsen, 2014). It is important to study the product before choosing the ERP vendor as often, multiple stakeholders are involved. In order to ensure the success of the project risk analysis and risk mitigation techniques are also quite important. This r eport aims at discussing the various steps required for selection of the ERP vendor and this will help in making the informed decision and also ensure that the investments would reap the benefits and also throw the light on common challenges for selecting ERP systems by traditional organizations like Emerson electric. Analysis Discussion Emerson Electric has offices in more than 200 countries. It is a global manufacturing conglomerate. Various products like density measurement equipment, pressure measurement equipment, valves, Water treatment systems are manufactured by Emerson Electric and it competes with the worlds major business giants like Schneider, Honeywell, ABB, General electric, Agilent to name a few (Hung Ho, 2012). The organizations business processes and other important aspects that will be helpful in making a correct decision about selection of appropriate ERP vendor are discussed in detail as follows: Definition of Existing Business Processes There are numerous suppliers worldwide providing raw materials to Emerson electric which buys raw materials from them and converts them into finished goods after carrying out various manufacturing operations like drilling, cutting and assembling. It operates in Business to Business segment as its final products are used in other industries. Some of the common business processes of the company are as follows: It requests for quotations from suppliers and procures to pay business process which consists of floating requirements. It places order once quotations are received, based on the cost and other parameters, like lead time, quality and freight conditions, it can finalize the contract with the selected suppliers. The quality department inspects the material received once the order is placed and accepted by the supplier. Invoice is processes and payment is made to the suppliers, once accepted. This entire transaction is posted to general ledger in the end (Esteves, 2014). Make to order and Make to stock: Emerson Electric manufactures some of the products having standard specifications based on the forecast of the demand. They are then stored in the warehouse and customer orders are replenished from the warehouses. While some of the products are confirmed products which means each customer specifies their own requirements and specifications while placing order. Therefore, such orders will be manufactured only when the customer sales order is booked and processed. There are various sub processes involved in this process are carrying out of sequence of operations, issuing materials, scheduling of various jobs, detailed routing and BOM preparation, creation of discrete jobs (Teittinen Pellinen, 2013). Order to cash process: This process involves the processing of customer orders and booking the orders. Customer shipping date is promised once booking date is confirmed, these orders will be manufactured or directly replenish from the available quantity. When the final invoice is received, entire transaction is paid to the general ledger of the company, once material is shipped to the customers and account receivables are updated. Quality process: When material is received from the supplier, it is measured against the quality standards as quality processes are also very important. Also, to make sure that quality is maintained throughout during the work order creation and processing, their qualities are measured after critical operation (Huang, Handfield, 2015). Warehouse processes: Various warehouses processes like put away, picking also needs to be performed. When material is received from the supplier, it also has to be placed in the warehouse and also the finished goods that have been manufactured are placed in the warehouses. The integrated view of customer ERP business process for Emerson can be shown as: Develop Business Requirements Emerson electric has filtered its requirement lists which are must to be supported by the selected ERP products based on the above business processes It should have financial capability and accounts reconciliation features It should also have serial tracking, ABC analysis of inventory, Cycle counting ERP system must support e-procurement where purchase orders are placed with suppliers in real time ERP systems must have supplier collaboration tool where forecasts can be shared with suppliers It also has the sales order processing system that can calculate the appropriate promising date by taking into account the various make and buy lead times of the product and where appropriate sales order is booked and special instructions are captured (Brown, Xu, Stevenson, 2015). Software should also have the ability to scale in case the company wishes to apply it for other sites. It should have routing capturing information, ability to track which material is issued for which job and used in which finished good assembly. Ability to rollup costs for calculating the cost of the goods. Reporting and dashboard features that could capture the key performance indicators and also helps management in decision making Ability to enter quality results Determine the Systems Requirements Most important thing is that customizations are not advisable in ERP systems as they are quite expensive to maintain and also lost during upgrades. Thus, standard business requirements should be directly fit into the system without customizing any aspect of it. There are various other system requirements too. Also, there should be functional security in the systems so that appropriate role should access only the appropriate functions (Shukla, Mishra, Jain, Yadav, 2016). One more crucial thing is that system should be secure and also supports data backup functions. Also, system should be easy to use, easy to maintain, cost effective and user friendly. Apart from it, there are two important things, on the premise and cloud. This is the age of cloud computing. As on the premise version is quite expensive and took time to implement, ERP vendor must have its product confirm to the latest standards which is also available on the cloud. System should also have the cross functional view of the business processes and supports integrative approach in the processes. It means Emerson does not have to buy the server, storage or perform backup activities, it just wants subscription based system on cloud which is easy to scale up as well as scale down (Ahmad, Cuenca, 2013). Software and Vendor Selection Lets discuss some of the most popular and seasoned product, from numerous ERP/AIS systems. XERO: Xero is the biggest beneficiary of advent of cloud computing and thus challenging the leadership position of MYOB, it is a popular software and it has the largest cloud provider company in Australia. It is growing very fast and has the inventory, procurement and finance features but it is also mainly an accounting systems and not complete ERP systems. It requires to be integrated to other tools and third party bolt on systems for achieving the complete equivalent ERP functionality. In this sense, it may be expensive and also required dealing with multiple vendors and finalizing deals. As Emerson is looking for single ERP package to fulfill its requirements, Xero will not be able to fulfill that as it is not a complete ERP system. MYOB: MYOB began to lose its leadership status to Xero, although it is one of the oldest accounting software in Australia which is having a largest markets share but with the advent of the cloud, it is facing downside. Not only this, its approach is quite confused in Cloud. Apart from it, it is primarily accounting system which provides taxation features, account reconciliation; e-procurement features but lacks features in manufacturing operation like ability to maintain Bills of material and routing operation. Though its good software, it does not entirely fulfill the business requirement of Emerson Electric and thus is not recommended because of just being an accounting system. Oracle ERP: Oracle ERP includes all the functionalities of these products in its ERP program and is very famous ERP and it acquired worlds best product like Siebel, People soft, Demantra. It has Account payables, account receivables, general ledger, manufacturing, Procurement, customer services and many other modules. Emerson can buy any number of modules based on its business requirements. It also has a cloud based subscription and thus easy to scale up. Though it fulfills all the business requirements, its expensive pricing is the only downside. It will be easy to implement and easy to maintain however due to licensing being quite expensive, it is not recommended to Emerson Electric. SAP Systems: For SAP systems it makes sense for the company to shortlist the SAP and invite vendor to showcase its features as they are very popular ERP packages and it has been used by the competitors of Emerson like Honeywell, Agilent, GE systems. Moreover, SAP like oracle have all the supply chain, services, manufacturing and finance modules and company can buy any based on its requirements. It also has subscription based billing on the cloud. Its global currency support make it very useful for the global company like Emerson that have plants in different locations as well as buy materials from suppliers located in different geographies and it is cheaper than oracle. In conclusion, SAP is the recommended software which can fulfill the needs of the Emerson Electric and aligns with its business processes as well. It can be said that all the above software is good for the company. However, there are numerous benefits of SAP over other software. SAP is a reputed company and the sales support from SAP is also good. Therefore, it is recommended that Emerson Electric should use the services of SAP. It is also recommended that Emerson should get the standard SAP suite customized to match its internal requirements. SAP has standard products and these products would be utilized with maximum efficiency only when the core product is customized to meet the local needs of Emerson Electric. Determine at least three ways which companies or organizations utilize such technologies to improve business efficiency Currently, each department is looking to satisfy his own department performance indicators without worrying about the overall performance indicators as business processes are operating in silos. But with ERP, cross functional have their indicators which mean each department has to contribute its bests so that the overall process is efficient. This will reduce redundancy and ability to handle multiple times in multiple systems (Haddara, 2014). With ERP implementation, there will be only one instance of customer data that will be maintained unlike currently where customer data is maintained by the sales team as well as account receivables team. News systems will improve the velocity, adaptability and visibility of the entire supply chain of the company. Less quantity of inventory means less shrinkage costs, less obsolescence costs, less storage costs. With e-procurement, lead time of procurement to pay cycle will reduce which means company can also reduce the inventory that it keeps. In order to improve on time order fulfillment rate with proper inventory quantity in place, organization will able to fulfill more customer order on time. Manufacturing processes like cost rollup helps the company to understand the cost it is incurring on various products and thus helps in better pricing strategies. Evaluate the Level of Efficiency of the Technology Implementation Organization also needs to evaluate the implementation partner after finalizing the software. There are many organizations which implements the ERP software for organizations like Deloitte, Accenture. Thus, the proposals should be invited from both of them with clear cut mention of goals, requirements, expectations and the better proposal should be evaluated. For the efficient technology implementation as they are actually the product experts who know the intricacies of the product, the implementation partner is very important. Accenture has respectable reviews and has huge experience and has served numerous manufacturing clients in SAP worldwide. Efficiency of implementation can be measure if various milestones are on time, budget is under controlled and users are satisfied with the performance (Nwankpa, 2015). There has been failure of SAP implementation project at FoxMeyer which completely blames its implementation partner. Examine Potential Security Risks, Data Breaches The key potential risks ERP are data theft and data leakage. ERPs systems contain huge set of data comprising of personnel, confidential information of suppliers, customers and employees. Moreover, there is payment information, various contracts information is stored which makes With cloud, data is often stored in servers which have multiple backups in various geographies so as to handle any calamity and emergency (Dixit Prakash, 2011). ERPs systems quite susceptible for the data theft and data attack. Also, there are certain rules related to law that the confidential data in few of the countries should not be stored in the server which is not in the physical location of the country i.e. in a server situated in a foreign country. Ability to make changes in the key data by super users is also a big threat and must be taken care by the company. Thus, such cases need to be evaluated so as to save from a penalty. Provide Guidelines on how These Risks could be Mitigated. Biggest risk is the risk of exposing confidential information to someone who is not supposed to do so. This can be protected by the functional security. For instance, person who is a receiver will able to see only that information in the systems, i.e. open purchase orders and quantity that is due for receiving. Thus, appropriate rights will help the company to protect such risks. There are various ways to handle these risks and most of them are inbuilt in the ERP systems and nothing extra is required (Dezdar Ainin, 2011). The company needs to mention the important business laws and conditions with the cloud provider and ensure that key terms that will be responsible for what to protect itself from any miscarriage of data (Momoh Roy, 2010). Moreover, ERP systems have proper workflows built in so as to take care of various approvals. Workflows will take care of any unauthorized approval and thus provide the added benefit. For example, purchase orders often flows through various steps before it is approved and placed with suppliers. Conclusion The various aspects of the selection of ERP or Accounting systems are discussed in this case. Emerson electric is a manufacturing conglomerate that is planning to replace its existing systems by modern ERP systems. Thus, company has treaded itself on the path of exploring the correct software which aligns with its business processes. This case discusses what the important things are and attribute that should be looked into the EPR vendor and its product and the very first thing which is feasibility study of the business processes. After these decisions are made, risk analysis should be required along with clear timelines and milestones to achieve the same. As conclusion, Emerson electric has been advised to use the SAP ERP to move from its traditional system to highly automated ERP system as this ERP is a proven software and has used by the business giants in the world of manufacturing like Honeywell, GE, ABB. Moreover, it fulfills all the business requirements for Emerson electric and aligns with its business processes. References Alaqeel, K., Shakkah, M. S., Rahmat, R. F., Alfageeh, A., Budiarto, R. (2017, April). Organization Readiness and ERP Implementation in Albaha University. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering(Vol. 190, No. 1, p. 012049). IOP Publishing. Dezdar, S. and Ainin, S., 2011. The influence of organizational factors on successful ERP implementation.Management Decision,49(6), pp.911-926. Denolf, J. M., Trienekens, J. H., Wognum, P. N., van der Vorst, J. G., Omta, S. O. (2015). Towards a framework of critical success factors for implementing supply chain information systems.Computers in Industry,68, 16-26. Dixit, A.K. and Prakash, O., 2011. A study of issues affecting ERP implementation in SMEs.Researchers World,2(2), p.77. Esteves, J. M. (2014). An empirical identification and categorisation of training best practices for ERP implementation projects.Enterprise Information Systems,8(6), 665-683. Greasley, A., Greasley, A., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. (2017). Integrating ERP and enterprise social software.Business Process Management Journal,23(1), 2-15. Haddara, M. (2014). ERP Selection: The SMART Way.Procedia Technology,16, 394-403. Heinzelmann, R. (2017). Accounting logics as a challenge for ERP system implementation: A field study of SAP.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,13(2). Hung, W.H., Ho, C.F., Jou, J.J. and Kung, K.H., 2012. Relationship bonding for a better knowledge transfer climate: An ERP implementation research.Decision Support Systems,52(2), pp.406-414. Huang, Y. Y., Handfield, R. B. (2015). Measuring the benefits of ERP on supply management maturity model: a big data method.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(1), 2-25. Hustad, E., Olsen, D. H. (2014). ERP Implementation in an SME: a Failure Case. InInformation Systems for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(pp. 213-228). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Momoh, A., Roy, R. and Shehab, E., 2010. Challenges in enterprise resource planning implementation: state-of-the-art.Business Process Management Journal,16(4), pp.537-565. Parhizkar, M., Comuzzi, M. (2017). Impact analysis of ERP post-implementation modifications: Design, tool support and evaluation.Computers in Industry,84, 25-38. Teittinen, H., Pellinen, J. and Jrvenp, M., 2013. ERP in actionChallenges and benefits for management control in SME context.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.278-296.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Nature VS Nurture †Are Criminals Born or Made free essay sample

By submitting this work, I am declaring that I am the originator of this work and that all other original sources used in this work have been appropriately acknowledged. I understand that plagiarism is the act of taking and using the whole or any part of another person’s work and presenting it as my own without proper acknowledgement. I also understand that plagiarism is an academic offence and that disciplinary action will be taken for plagiarism. Intro The search for causes of crime forms the basis of most criminological studies. There are numerous explanations for crime: psychological, evolutionary, genetical, sociological, economical and a mix of factors; and many have debated over the primary influence of criminal behaviour—whether criminals are born or made. Truth is, in the constitution of criminal behaviour, it is the amalgam of both nature and nurture. And this paper will present how crime behaviours can be hereditary but are influenced by the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature VS Nurture – Are Criminals Born or Made? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nature The first theory that will demonstrate that criminals are made is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of crime (1961), which posits that all humans have natural basic biological needs and urges such as hunger and sex repressed in the unconscious called Id which is irrationally expressed to derive satisfaction. More importantly he also claims that all humans have criminal tendencies. Typically, we can curb these urges and tendencies and express them appropriately according to social norms through socialisation (Eysenck, 1996); where we learn to develop conscious inner controls called SuperEgo—which is our moral conscience repressing the Id and Ego— which mediates the expression of Id. However, when faced with the lack of basic need, the unconscious Id is stimulated, and the improperly socialised child who has failed to acquire and develop the Ego and SuperEgo, will then direct antisocial impulses outwardly as harmful criminalistic tendencies (Freud, 1923). Besides Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, the Evolutionary theory also serves to explain for the nature of a criminal. Aggression in the animal kingdom helps animals to obtain food, compete for access to a mate, and protect territory. These forms of aggressive behaviours have been favoured by a process called natural selection because they facilitate the reproduction of genes in the aggressive animals, either directly or indirectly, by aiding survival so that an animal or its close kin can reproduce later (Quinsey, 2002). According to Darwin’s evolutionary theory, we evolved from animals and aggressive tendencies humans have are considered adaptive (Darwin, 1859). In this sense extreme violence may be synonymous with melanism in the English pepper moth (Steward, 1977). Melanism, an extreme colouring variation was rare before the darkening of England’s trees by domestic soot pollution as it contrasts against the tree bark and alerts predators to prey on them but shot up during which as it became adaptive. Once the pollution was cleaned, the frequencies of melanism reversed yet again. Similarly, although extreme violence is not currently adaptive, relatively small numbers of humans may be born with gene variations leading to inefficient aggression restraint that place them at high risk for extreme violent behaviours. Last but not least, there were researchers who believed that genes were fully responsible for criminal activity. There have been numerous studies carried out on twins to determine whether genetic influences play a part in criminal behaviour. Christiansen (1977) reported on the criminality of a total population of 3,586 twin pairs from Denmark. He found that 52% of the twins were concordant for criminal behaviour for identical twin pairs, whilst 22% of the twins were concordant for fraternal twin pairs. These results suggest that identical twins carry some form of biological characteristic that increases their risk of becoming involved in criminal behaviour (McLaughlin, Muncie, Hughes, 2003). Adoption studies have also been conducted to test for the criminal behaviours of the adopted-away children, if their biological parents had also been involved with criminal activity. In Iowa, the first adoption study was conducted that looked at the genetics of criminal behaviour. The researchers found that as compared to the control group, the adopted individuals, which were born to incarcerated female offenders, had a higher rate of criminal convictions as adults. Another study in Sweden also showed that if a biological background existed for criminality, then there was an increased risk of criminal behaviours in the adopted children. These evidences support the existence of a heritable component to antisocial or criminal behavior (Tehrani Mednick, 2000). However, while the overstimulation of the Id and the failure to acquire and develop the the Ego and SuperEgo leads to criminal tendencies, while aggression may be out of adaptive values, and while genetic studies have pointed towards the influence of genes and criminal behaviour, these theories alone are insufficient to account for crime. Evolutionary theory does not explain or predict for the extreme degrees of aggression in individuals nor has the genetic theory proven for 100% heritability; which raises the need for us to examine the Nurture camp of crime theories as well. Nurture Behavioural psychology posits that a persons behaviour is learned and maintained by its consequences, or reward value (Bandura, 1973). Eysenck (1964) postulated that by way of classical conditioning—the learning process that occurs as a result of pairing a reliable stimulus with a response, operant conditioning— learning that occurs due to the manipulation of the possible consequences, and modelling of others’ behaviours through familial interactions, environmental experiences and the mass media, people learn moral preferences. Based on behavioural psychology, Sutherland (1939), a prominent social learning theorist, then put forth the theory of Differential Association where criminal behaviours are learned through interaction with intimate personal groups in a process of communication. When criminal behaviours are learned, the learning includes techniques of committing the crime, and the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favourable or unfavourable and a person becomes delinquent when there is an excess of definitions favourable to violation of law over definitions unfavourable to violation of the law. Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. Another sociological theory in the Nurture camp of thought is the Social Reaction Theory. It could be said that a person’s environment depends to a certain extent on their own choice (Horwitz, Christiansen, 1983). However, there are also some individuals within certain areas who are drawn into crime (McGuire, Mason, O’Kane, 2000). A case in which the latter apply is institutional upbringing. Be it by choice or not, when society brands a certain social group as social deviants, delinquency rates tend to be on the rise for them. This is because once a person is stigmatised by a label, the response is often to accept and fulfil the label given and commit further acts of deviance. For example, when a child is disruptive during lessons, teachers may label a child as a troublemaker and suggest that he only have classes with other troubled students. This leads him to seek out other outcasts and reinforce his identity. Parents may accept this and further reinforce this stereotype. As such, stigmatism takes places and social deviance is not only accepted by the potential offender but also perpetrated by society’s reactions (Siegel Welsh, 2008). Another theory explaining for the causation of crime is the General Strain Theory. Strain theorists believe that crime is a function of the conflict between people’s goals and the means they can use to obtain them. Although social and economic goals are common to people in all economic strata, the ability to obtain these goals is class dependent, thus crime is narrowed down as a direct result of frustration among the lower socioeconomic classes (O Grady, 2007). However, this does not explain for the consistent criminal rate in the community despite attempts to increase aspirations and standards of living. As such, Agnew (1992) proposed the General Strain Theory where multiple sources of strain such as the failure to achieve goals, disjunction of expectations and achievements removal of positive stimuli such as the loss of a loved one and presentation of negative stimuli such as punishment or bully, interact with an individual’s emotional traits and responses to produce criminality in attempt to reduce strain. And perhaps one of the more interesting social perspective of crime causation is centering the social construction of crime. Mcguire (2000) points out, there are no acts that can be called crime—crime is not a distinct type of behaviour. What is criminal in one country may not be criminal in another country; the purchasing of marijuana is legal in Amsterdam whilst illegal in many other countries. Also, what is a crime at one time may not be a crime at another time, just like how stalkers could not be prosecuted until stalking was made an offence in some jurisdictions. While social constructionism as an explanation for crime may be weak without knowing by whom it was constructed and for what ends it served, elite social constructionism however, wields great power and the knowledge produced, disseminated and advocated by social groups of some status affects the law and the convicted. For example, during the early twentieth century, the medical profession is highly esteemed and under their influence, the knowledge of the effects of drugs and its misuse became a key guide in the formation of laws to do with substance abuse. In light that the very definition of crime is socially constructed and not up to the perpetrators at all, there is a very real sense in which criminals are made. And just as how stating that criminals are born without choice is difficult to accept, positing that criminals are made does not explain for why people who live in a shared or similar environment does not act out criminal behaviours. Given that both camps lack in the ability to fully account for criminal behaviour, researchers have then formulated theories of the interplay of nature and nurture to explain crime causation. Interplay of Nature and Nurture The first of such theory is the Rational Choice Theory which posits that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender examines his options, consequences and benefits. When the benefits of the crime is attractive and is a sufficient motivator, the offender then plans the crime by consciously picking the type of crime, location of the crime and target of the crime, and executes the crime with awareness that it is wrong and control to choose otherwise. To the potential offender, there are two types of crimes: offender-specific where the offender evaluates their resources, skills, motives, needs and fears and commits a crime when they can and offense-specific where offenders react selectively to characteristics of a particular criminal act such as the methodology and opportunity to escape. These push and pull factors of a crime and the offender is what makes a criminal—it is not just a personal innate choice but also dependent on the conceptualisation of an opportunity presented by the environment (Beccaria, 1963). Following which, there is the Contemporary Trait Theory. Contemporary trait theorists today recognise that no single biological or psychological attribute is thought to adequately explain all criminality. Rather, each offender is considered unique, physically and mentally; consequently, there must be different explanations for each person’s behaviours. Some may have inherited criminal tendencies, others may be suffering from nervous system (neurological) problems, and still others may have a blood chemistry disorder that heightens their antisocial activity. Criminologists who focus on the individual see many explanations for crime, because, in fact, there are many differences among criminal offenders. Ultimately, Contemporary Trait Theory postulates that crime-producing interactions involve both personal traits—such as intelligence, personality, and chemical and genetic makeup—and environmental factors, such as family life, educational attainment, economic factors and neighbourhood conditions. Physical or mental traits are, therefore, but one part of a large pool of environmental, social, and personal factors that account for criminality. Some people may have a predisposition toward aggression, but environmental stimuli can either suppress or trigger antisocial acts (Siegel, 2011). And last but not least, a theory that demonstrates the interplay of Nature and Nurture factors is Eysenck’s Biosocial Theory of Crime (Eysenck, 1996). Eysenck believes that genetic factors contribute enormously to human behaviour but they have their effects under the influence of environmental or social factors (Howitt, 2011). Under the genetic and biological branch, he created a personality model based on three factors known as psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism (PEN) that could be used as predictors of criminal behaviour; these factors and the personality traits associated with them are found to be heritable (Miles Carey, 1997). Research has shown that just like PEN, criminality is strongly correlated with low arousal levels in the brain leading to their active seeking out of stimulation to increase their arousal—proper stimulation includes high-risk activities associated with antisocial behaviours, which consists of sexual promiscuity, substance abuse, and crime. However, not all with higher levels of PEN or lower brain arousal levels act out their need for stimulation; Eysenck’s argument is that only when there is a failure of socialisation through rewards and punishment, that these genetic factors are expressed. Conclusion This essay has only just begun to skim over the causes of criminal behaviour. As it can be seen it would be difficult to credit one theory for the explanation of crime, but what we do know and can confirm, is that there is a continual interaction between both genetic an environmental factors; they are functionally interdependent. No one study carried out can be said to provide conclusive evidence for either genetic factors or environmental factors (Horwitz, Christiansen, 1983). Thus my position as to whether criminals are born or made, is that criminal tendencies may be innate and inherited, but the determination of crime in itself is social and so are the influences guarding the choice to express these tendencies, hence it is only right to say that criminals are both born and made. And if we were to really examine the specifics, in fact, I would posit that the environmental factors take a higher weightage in crime causation, simply due to the fact that crime in itself is socially constructed.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Debut albums Essay Example

Debut albums Essay Example Debut albums Essay Debut albums Essay Essay Topic: The Secret Life Of Bees Life neverseems to be the waywe want it butwe have to liveit the bestwaywecan! There isnoperfectlife. but we can make full it with PERFECT MOMENTS HOPE A ; END R ever at that place for everyone! Depends on us how we deal with them. . A Hopeless End! or An ENDLESS HOPE! The joy that u give to othersis 500 joy thatflows backinto ur life! A happy bosom makes a cheerful face! May all ur yearss b every bit lovely as ur bosom Destiny Is No Matter Of Chance. It Is A Matter Of Choice. It Is Not A Thing To Be Waited For. It Is A Thing To Be Achieved. When there is confusion between your bosom and head. Don`t listen to your head because head knows everything But your bosom knows merely U. The difference between a successful individual And others is non a deficiency of strength. Not a deficiency of cognition Rather deficiency of will. Success isn`t key 2 felicity. . but felicity is 500 cardinal 2 success†¦ . so keep yourself happy 2 B happy A ; successful. . We Will Open The Book. Its Pages Are Blank We Are Traveling To Put Wordss On Them Ourselves The Book Is Called OPPORTUNITY . Each Of Us Makes Our Own Weather Determines The Color Of The Skies In The Emotional Universe Which We Inhabit. Don`t Think About What You Have Got†¦ Think About How To Use It That You Have Got†¦ A paper winging in air isdue to its fortune buta bird is winging due to its attempt. So if fortune is non with u. attempts are ever at that place to back up U Hard-work is like stepss and fortune is like lift. Sometimes lift may neglect but stepss will ever take you to the top. Have a successful life. Fallen flowers can non mount back. So do non believe about the yesteryear. Love the Present. Live for the Future. with a beautiful A ; sweet Smile. ? Every adult male has in himself a continent of undiscovered character†¦ Happy is he who acts as the `COLUMBUS` to his ain soul†¦ . Beautiful Message by Mother Teresa: If you can non love a individual whom you see. so how can you love GOD whom you have neer seen Experiences are like moving ridges. They come to u on shore of life. Drag the sand from beneath your pess. But each moving ridge makes u stand on a new base. If you worry about a problem it becomes dual but when u smiling at it. itdisappears like a bubble so ever smile atyour job. maintain smiling If people around you. are seeking to draw you down. Be proud about it. B`coz it merely means one thing that: YOU ARE ABOVE THEM sugariness in your address endowment in your head love in your bosom peace in your eyes strength in your custodies A ; I wish ever victoryin your life Persistence Is The Twin Sister Of Excellence One Is A Matter Of Quality The Other A Matter Of Time †¦ Work For A Cause Not For Applause Live Life To Express Not To Impress Don`t Strive To Make our Presence Noticed Just Make Your Absence Felt. Luck is likesand in custodies. Itwill sneak outthrough fingers. no matergripped steadfastly or heldloosely. Merely hands inthe praying position can salvage it It is better to shout than to be angry. because choler hurts others while cryings flow mutely threw the psyche and cleanses the bosom. . Make Good to Everyone Without Expecting Much. . As an old adage says: -Some Fragrance ever remains in HANDS of Those who Distribute ROSE. . ! An Airplane is Always Safe at GroundBut It`s non Made for That. So Always Take Some Meaningful Risks in Life to Achieve Great Pleasure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Very true line When nails grow long we cut nails. non our fingers. Similarly wn misinterpretations grow up. cut ur self-importance non ur relation! Simple line but great significance Empty Pockets teaches million things in life But. Full Pockets spoil`s you in million ways. Personality is: Who we are and what we do when everybody is watching. . ! Fictional character is: Who we are and what we do when Cipher is watching. Frogs had competition to Reach Top of Hill. AllFrogs shouted. Its Impossible. But 1 Frog Reachedthe Top How? He wasDeaf Be DEAF toNEGATIVE Words A Valuable Lesson that A Traffic Signal Teach Us: Every Problem is like a Red Signal. If we Wait for Some Time. It will Turn Green. Power and money are fantastic beginnings if they remain in pocket but they are awful Masterss once they enter the caput. Every small smiling can touch somebody`s bosom. No 1 is born happy. But all of us are born with the ability to make felicity. Always be hpy Silence is the fencing around wisdom! If your pes faux pass. U can ever recover your balance. But if your lingua faux pass. Uracil can neer remember the words Past is Waste Paper. Present is News Paper. Future is Question Paper. Life is Answer Paper. So. Care to the full Read A ; Write it and bask life! Every job in life has a gift indoors. . So don`t get upset when you face job. It may hold more beautiful stoping than your outlook. Don`t call over what is gone. Smile about what remains. No affair whats lost. You can still ever find value in what is left. ! A Victorious Horse doesn`t know what is wining. He merely runs in hurting given by his rider. So whenever Ur in hurting. believe that God wants u to win. All birds find shelter during a rain. But Eagle avoids rain by winging above the Clouds. Problems r common. but attitude makes the difference We think there is eternal clip to populate. But we neer know which minute is last So portion attention. . Love and observe every minute of LIFE. Comparison is The Best Manner to Judge Our Advancement. But Not With Others. Compare ur Yesterday With Ur Today To Get The Best Consequences. Definition of Human Being by A Philosopher: A Animal That Cuts Trees. A ; Makes Paper. A ; On Those Documents They Writes SAVE TREES Every successful individual has a painful narrative. Every painful narrative has a successful stoping. Accept the hurting A ; acquire ready to success. Great Idea: When we cant laugh once more on the same gag. so why do we shout once more and once more for the one and the same hurting. BEST LINES: Dont read success narratives. You will acquire merely message. Read failure narratives. You will acquire some thoughts to acquire success. There is ever a hope and an terminal. It depends on us how we deal with them. We can look at it as a hopeless terminal. or an Endless Hope. Life neer turns the manner we want. But we live it in the best manner we can. There`s no perfect life. But we can Fill it with perfect minutes Mistake increase your experience and experience lessening your errors You learn from errors While the other learn from your sucsess. Life is Better When You`re Happy But Life is At its Best When Other Peoples Are Happy Because Of U. Be Inspired. Give Peace. . And Share Smile. You Can`t Bringing Back The Past. For It is All Gone. All You Can Make is Let Go. Move on. and Make Better Memories For The Future. Feelingss are like moving ridges. We can`t halt them from coming. But we can take which 1 to surf. It`s a beautiful balmy twenty-four hours! Think about this: There are about 8 billion people on Earth. and you are traveling to allow merely ONE individual to destroy your twenty-four hours? Have a fantastic twenty-four hours! ! Sometimes you got ta do more than sway the boat. Sometimes†¦ you got ta leap in caput foremost and do some moving ridges. . It`s a beautiful twenty-four hours! Plant around you today the SEEDS of Optimism and Kindness. . and tomorrow you can harvest its FRUITS of Love and Happiness†¦ appy weekend! STRENGTH doesn`t come from what you can Make It comes from OVER COMING the THINGS you Once THOUGHT you COULDN`T. Have a great twenty-four hours! Surround yourself with people who are traveling to raise u HIGHER! Life is already filled with those whowant to convey u down to your articulatio genuss. There areno random Acts of the Apostless. Weare all connected. Ucan no more separateone life from anotherthan Us can divide a breezefrom the air current. God Bless Us Having Lips. and non usingthem to smile. is like holding. A million dollars in the bankand burying theaccount figure. SMILEand have a hpy twenty-four hours! To respect people who are HIGHER than u. it`s ORDINARY. To esteem people who are LOWER than u. it`s EXTRA ordinary. Sometimes you got Tas shut up. get down your pride and accept that you re incorrect. It`s non giving up. it`s called turning up. When Iis replaced by WE . . Even ILLNESS turns into WELLNESS. Have a happy weekend! U Better Live Ur Best and Act your Best 2day For today Is The Certain Preparation For Tomorrows and All Other Tomorrow That Follow It is non because things are hard that we do non make bold. it is because we do non make bold that they are hard. The mindis like a clock Thatis invariably running down. It has to be woundUp day-to-day with good ideas. Don`t go throughlife. Turn through life Anything is more of import When U can non acquire it. When U can acquire it This is less of import for u. This is nature of every homo. If your actions inspire others to woolgather more. larn more. make more and go more. you are a leader. Every bad state of affairss have something positive. . Even a stopped clock is right twice a twenty-four hours. Logic Of Time When Time Never Stops For Us. Then Why Do We Always Wait For The Right Time. . ? No Time Is Incorrect To Make The Right Thing. ! Waves Are Inspiring. Not Because They Rise And Fall. But Because They Never Fail To Rise Again. Have A Rising Day. An Inspiring Fact: If You Can Still Smile When you are Wholly Broken Up. Then There Can be Nothing That Can Break you Following Time! A Lifetime Inspiring Thought Always Try Your Best To Get Whatever You Love. . Otherwise You Will Be Forced To Love Whatever You Get. . Sucess does non depend on doing of import determinations rapidly. but depends on your speedy actions on of import determinations. Forget Past Failures! Focus on the NOW and What needs to be done today to assist you accomplish your dreams! When you are following your energy and making what you want all the clip. the differentiation between work and play dissolves. When unexpectd state of affairss come in forepart of you. what does it intend. . ? It means that you are Traveling Ahead Faster than you expectd. . ! Great motivational words written on the entryway of an American university. . I know I am something. because God doesnt create refuse. ! Every Morning Get Up `n Look Through The List Of Richest People In The World. If Your Name Is Not There. Please Go To Work! Learn to face your frights head on because sometimes what you fear is non even worth your fright. God has given you what it takes to accomplish all your purposes in Life. Therefore put into action your attempt foremost befor u think about a miracle. I want to be the greatest of me. For this is all I can make. It is my wish that you promise me this. you be the greatest of you. ! A Stone is broken by the last shot. This doesn`t mean 1st shot was useless. Success is a consequence of continues Daily Effor. ! Waiting to win is common to all. But working to win is manner of a title-holder! Be a Champion and win the universe! ! A lamp doesnt speak. . It introduces itself through its visible radiation. . Achievers neer expose themselves. But their accomplishments expose them! Best ground for our failures We are anticipating ORANGE by standing under a MANGO tree! So We should alter Either our outlook or tree. ! When you`re following your energy `n making what you want all the clip. the differentiation between work and play dissolves. ! In The CAMERA Of Your Mind. Load The ROLL Of Your Good Thoughts. . Press The BUTTON Of Your Hard Work. . `n Get The Photo Of Your Success. Confidence Helps To Put Some Aim. . But. Self Confidence Helps To Achieve That Aim. So. Never Lose Your Self Confidence. . ! If You Are Successful You Will Win Some False Friends And Some True Enemies Succeed Anyhow Be Like A Dolphin. Even Though There Are Dangerous Sharks Arround That In The Ocean. It Simply Enjoys The Swimming`n Celebrates On Its Own. . ! Victory Is Not The Property Of Brilliants. . It Is The Crown For Those Who Bow Themselves In Front Of Hard Work `n Confidence When Flood Comes Fish Eat Ants When Flood Goes Down Ants Eat Fish Time Matters. . GOD Gives Opportunity To Everyone. Negative Thinking IsAs Important AsCreativeThinking. BecauseIf Creative Thinking Invents Aeroplane. Then Negative Thinking Invents Parachute. Umbrella cant halt Rain but make us 2 Stand in Rain. . Assurance May Not Bring Success But It Gives Power To Face Any challenge. ! Whatever we do. We Must Always Remember Our Aim. If You Want To Fly With EAGLES. Don`t Swim With DUCKS. TIME Is A Rare LuxuryWhich Can Never Be Purchased At Any Cost. So when. Person Spends it For U. It defines the deepness of attention One Has For you. ! A Soft Nature Of A Person Doesn`t Mean Weakness. . Remember. . Nothing Is Softer Than Water. . But Its Force Can Break The Strongest Of Rock. ! Nice one: If You Love Someone. Be Brave Enough To State Them. . Otherwise Be Brave Enough To Watch Them To Be Loved By Person Else. . ? Amazing Lines: Live Well `n Happily. Its The Best Retaliation To Those Who Have Hurt You n Avoided You . ! Without traversing the worst state of affairss. No 1 can touch the best corners of life. Dare to confront any state of affairs. Try Hard to Achieve high in Life. It Is Always Good To CompromiseOnly When The Other Side Understands Your Feelingss. But Its Not Good To BendSo Much That u Lose Your Being Respect Those Who Find Time For You In Their Busy Schedule. . But Really Love Those Who Never See Their Schedule. . When You Need Them. ! Best Attitude For Life: My Pain May Be The Reason For Somebody`s Laugh But My Laugh Must Never Be The Reason For Somebody`s Pain. ! We may non Achieve Everything that we Dream. But We will non Achieve Anything unless we Dream. . ! ! Night is longer than twenty-four hours for those who dream `n Day is longer than dark for those who make their Dreams come true. Really Nice Lines†¦ Never take the Help Of Tears to Show Your Emotions. . `n Never Take the Help Of Words to Show Your Anger . . ! When the Mirror of LIFEGets Dirty with the Fog of Reality. Try Wiping it out with Your FAITH. You Can See the Clear Reflection Of Your Dream: ) Making memorable minutes forYourself is non a large thing. But. You being the cardinal individual in others memorable minutes is an ageless thing. . ! ! Journey of Life Is Exciting when You challenge Your ain Weakness. . Sometimes Your Enemy Teaches You Better Than Your Friends. ! I hated every minute of Training. but I Said don`t Quit. Suffer now `n Live the remainder of Your Life as a Champion LIFE is really similar to a Boxing Ring. . DEFEAT is non declared When you fall DOWN. . It`s declared when You REFUSE to Get Up. . ! ! No Matter How Many Times The Teeth Bite The Tongue. They Still Stay Together In One Mouth. That`s The Spirit Of FORGIVENESS. . ! If your caput Tells u onething andyour hearttells u another ; before Us do anything. Decide foremost whether U have a betterhead or a better heart Nice Stating from aBroken HeartI`ll ContinueMy LoveEven IfMy Love Fails`Coz. Howwould I hate the heartwhich made me toLove more than My Life I Knows That A Lot of People Hate Me. Because I am Bad. But. Few Peoples Surely Love Me. Because They Know That My Little Goodness Is Not Fake. . Never keep your caput high with pride or self-importance. Remember. Even the victor of a gold decoration gets his decoration merely when he puts his caput down ? Living entirely is truly better than life with bogus people. who hate you but move like loving you. Great Thought: When we cant laugh once more on the same gag. so why do we shout once more and once more for the one and the same hurting. Without Tasting The Worst Situation. No One Can Taste The Best Thing Of Life. . . . Dare To Face Anything in Your Mysterious Life Don`t Think About What You Have Go†¦ . Think About How To Use It That You Have Got†¦ . A paper flyingin air is due to its fortune but a birdis winging due to its attempt. So if luck isnot with u. attempts arealways at that place to back up U Nothing is predestination. the obstructions of your yesteryear can go the gateways that leads to the new beginnings. Life Will Never Provide Warranties and Guarantees It Can Only Provide Possibilities and Opportunities To Convert Them intosuccess! ! ! Without forgiveness life is governed by an eternal rhythm of bitterness and revenge. Never tell people how to make things. State them what to make and they will surprise you with their inventiveness. Management cardinal for success. if you don`t like any regulation. Merely follow it. make the top And alter the regulation. Life is at its weakest When There`s more Doubt than trust But Life is at its strongest When you learn How to swear In malice of The uncertainties. Erasers are for people who make mistakes. But a better expression: Erasers are for people willing to rectify their errors. Do non do your purpose like the garden because everyone walk on it But do your purpose like the sky so everyone want to touch it. There are merely two Thingss you have to Do in life. . You have to dice. . And You have to live Until you die. . You make up All the rest†¦ . . The power is detested. and miserable the life. of him who wishes to be feared instead than to be loved. TRY is a little word that can do a Big Difference. . If we TRY. we merely RISK FAILURE. But if we dont TRY so we ENSURE FAILURE. Comparsion is the best manner to judge our advancement. . But non with others. . Compare Your Yesterday with your Today. . Some things you have to make every twenty-four hours. Eating seven apples on Saturday dark alternatively of one a twenty-four hours merely isn`t traveling to acquire the occupation done. Yesterday I was Clever. So. I wanted to Change the World. But Today I am Wise. So I am Changing Myself. . It is better to merit honours And non hold them than To hold them and non merit them. Success isn`t a affair of being 500 best nd winning vitamin D race. Success is a affair of managing vitamin D worst neodymium still completing 500 race. A sundown here is a Dawn on the other terminal of the worldWe must NEVER give up. BecauseWhat appears to be theend may really be aNew Get downing The head is like a clockThat is invariably running down. It hasto be woundUp day-to-day with goodthoughts. Don`t go through life. Grow through life Anything is more of import When you can non acquire it. When you can acquire it This is less of import for you. This is nature of every homo. If your actions inspire others to woolgather more. larn more. make more and go more. you are a leader. The Most Deciding neodymium Motivating Sentence Which should Always Be Followed In Life. The Race is non Over Because I Haven`t WON Yet A Child onFarm Sees PlaneFly Overhead. AndDreams of a FarAway Place. The Pilot on The Plane SeesThe Farmhouse. AndDreams ofHis Home. That`s Life A mountain is non higher than our assurance it will be under our feets. if we reach the top†¦ Coins ever make sound but The currency notes are ever soundless. So. when your value increases Keep yourself unagitated and soundless. When u feel depressed. confused or hurt. Don`t worry stand in forepart of a mirror. U will happen the best one to work out your job. Trust Yourself! Honey bees must tap two 100 flowers To do one bead of honey. . Remember: The sweetest wages comes from the hardest battle. . The basic difference between God and Human. . God ; gives. gives. gives and 4gives. Human ; GETS. gets. gets and 4gets. Everybody is weak. Everybody fails. Bing strong is contending. It`s difficult and it`s painful and It`s every twenty-four hours. It`s what we have to make. When you believe†¦ something can be done. your head will happen the ways to make it. Believing in a solution paves the manner to a solution! ! To happen what you seek in the route of life. the best adage of all is that which says: Leave no rock unturned. Peoples frequently say that Motivation doesn`t last. Well. neither does bathing – That`s why we recommend it daily. Luckey is who get the chance Brilliant is who creates da oppertunity Winner is who uses the chance Have A Great Day! Best Of LucK. Life is excessively short. If we work Good. Or If we work Bad. In 2 instances life will stop. So if we work good than we are died peacefully. Whenever you see a successful individual you see the public glorifications. neer see the private forfeits to make them†¦ We must halt presuming that a thing which has neer been done before likely can non be done at all. I know I`m Something. Because Go doesn`t Create Garbage†¦ Words written on the Entrance of An American University†¦ . . Can we make woo in the eventide today? I`m in a good temper Just a small spot of snoging and seize with teething Reply me shortly! Urs fondly MOSQUITO Maturity is achieved when a individual postpones immediate pleasances for long-run values. Do non restrict your challenges Challenge your bounds. Born with personality is an accident. BUT Dying as a personality is an accomplishment. MY Manner OF LIFE. Peoples Laugh Because I am Different. And one Laugh Because They Are All the Same. Thats Called`ATTITUDE` . LIVE IT YOUR OWN WAY Born with the personality is an Accident. But To decease as a `Personality is an Achievement` . . Achieve the best in youe Life! ! Old construct: Do or Die New construct: Do b4 u die Latest construct: Don`t dice. until u do . Champions aren`t made in the gym. Champions are made from something They have deep inside a Desire. a Dream. a Vision. Take the first measure in FAITH you don`t have to see the whole stairway merely take the first measure The ultimate step of a adult male is non where he stands in minutes of comfort. but where he stands at times of challenge and contention. Life is a great travel trip. . Problem is that it doesnt come with a map. We`ve to seek our ain ways to make the Destinations. . ! Now the World is going a Bad Place to Populate In. . Not because of Bad People. . But Due to Silence of the Good Peoples. . Have a Peaceful Day. . Always have a alone character like salt. It`s presence is non felt But it`s absence makes all things tasteless. Golden words If Peoples Around You Are Trying to Pull You Down. Be Proud of It! It Merely Means One Thing. That You Are Above Them. The whole secret of a successful life Is to happen out what is one`s fate to make. And so make it. Never hold yourself entirely responsible for any bad luck in life because no individual raindrop is neer entirely responsible for any inundation. Never alter your originality For the interest of others. Because no 1 can play your function Better than you. So be yourself. You are the best. The art of acquiring person else to make something you want done because he wants to make it. The boundaries which divide life from decease are at best shadowy and vague. Who shall state where one ends. and the other Begins? It is difficult to neglect. But it is worse neer to hold tried to win. Winners believe that they create their ain fortune by their actions ; also-rans believe in good and bad fortune. The significance of a adult male Is non in What he attains But In what He longs to achieve. A antic quotation mark for life: Satisfy the individual who expects from U. Rather than surprising the individual who neer expects anything. Above all. dispute yourself. You may good surprise yourself at what strengths you have. What you can carry through. When you retrieve how difficult it is to alter yourself. You begin to understand what small opportunity we have of altering others. Look at the Clock when u R sitting merely. But Never Look at Clock When U R working. The Hard Reality of Life is that. . When u demand ADVICE. Everyone is ready to Help You. . But When u demand HELP. Everyone is Ready toADVISE You. Failure is the lone chance to get down the same work with more intelligency. . A good program of today is better than a great program of tomorrow. Look backward with satisfaction A ; look frontward with assurance. If you want to bask anything. ever think today is the first twenty-four hours But If you want to accomplish anything ever think today is the last twenty-four hours. In each individual twenty-four hours we smile and laugh so many times. We neer thank Allah afterevery smiling but wedo incrimination complain Him for every tear we cry Once a wise adult male was asked: What is intending of life? ? He said: Life itself has no significance. life is an chance to make a significance. . Life is excessively short. To Kiss Slowly. Laugh Insanely. Love Truly and Forgive Quickly †¦ Never plan your character like a garden. Where anyone can walk. Plan your character like the sky. Where everyone candesire to make Hitler Life is Better When You`re Happy But Life is At its Best When Other Peoples Are Happy Because Of U. . Be Inspired. . Give Peace. . And Share Smile You Can`t Bring Back The Past. For It is All Gone. All You Can Make is Let Go. Move on. and Make Better Memories For The Future. Take a sweet smiling when you are insulted. Sometimes. a smiling is adequate to do them repent with their words. It is better to be admired than to be popular. Strive to be better yourself. and non to delight others If You Don`t Believe In Miracles. Possibly You`ve Forgotten You Are One ; ) Have A Happy Weekend! Enjoy! : -* There comes a clip when you have to halt retrieving your errors and travel on. No declinations in life. merely lessons. You can non ever wait for the perfect clip. sometimes you must make bold to leap. Have a great twenty-four hours! If people make you experience that you are less needful. learn to make this: Keep DISTANCE The 1 that angers you controls you. Don`t give anyone that power! particularly the 1 who does it deliberately. ? Have an exceeding twenty-four hours Never apologize for stating what you feel†¦ . That`s like stating sorry for being REAL. One prevarication is all it takes for person to lose involvement in you. It`s ever best to be upfront. staying existent and to state the truth Don`t point out other people`s defects because you`re non perfect. You have to look in the mirror before you can look out the window. A lingua has no castanetss but it can ache someone`s feelings. So ever be concious and be wise on what you`ll say. A mountain is non higher than your assurance. . for it will be under your pess when you reach the top. . Have a cool twenty-four hours! Hot caputs and cold Black Marias can neer work out anything. Scarcity is numbering the figure of seeds in an apple. Abundance is contemplating the figure of apples in a seed. May U have an abundant life! Our life is filled with a promiseof beautiful experiences. but merely if westop and notice all the small things thatmake up the whole image. A valuable lesson that a traffic signal Teachs us: Every job is like a Red Signal. If you wait for some clip. it will Turn Green. REJECTIONS has a utile intent that is. for us to larn either to alter ourselves for the better or to warrant who we are. Happiness is like a rainbow. Sometimes we can merely see it after weve shed adequate cryings in our cloudy yearss. May you find happiness every twenty-four hours! HOPE is the small voice you hear whisper maybe when it seems the full universe is shouting no. Never lose hope. Have a great twenty-four hours! Alternatively of wishing you were person else. be proud of who you are. you neer know whose been looking at you and wishing they could be YOU. aLways try 2 be happy watever Lyf brings. . retrieve dat evry 60 sec0nds u spend in being upset is a minute of felicity U can nver acquire back. In this universe some people will throw rocks in your way. It depends on you what you make from them. A WALL or A BRIDGE! Forget about the universe Failure. If you`re ever larning new things. you`re ever winning in life. Have a cool twenty-four hours! Do non take down your criterions to maintain anyone. Make them run into you at your degree. Self-respect is your power. The 3 C`s of Life: Choices. Opportunities. Changes. You must do a Choice to take a Chance or your life will neer Change. Everything that u losehas it`s ownway of returning back to u. the funnything is. it`s non ever the manner u expect it. Sometimes it`even more. Those who danced were thought to be rather insane by those who could non hear the music. Show the universe you ROCK! Have a fantastic twenty-four hours! HATING people takes excessively much clip. Forgive them. non because they deserve it but because you are on a HIGHER degree than they are. Don`t accuse unless you are able to PROVE and don`t incrimination unless you are able to FORGIVE and don`t forgive unless you are able to FORGET. Don`t confound your way with your finish. Just because it`s stormy now doesn`t mean you aren`t headed for sunlight. God bless us all! Life islike a camera. Focus onwhat`s of import. capturethe good times. develop from the negatives and if thingsdon`t work. justtake another shooting.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

radicalism of the american rev essays

radicalism of the american rev essays There were many ideas that sparked the American Revolution many were ideas that were handed down from the mother country of England. Either through British ideology that was brought over from England. It also came from the Religious orginization that drove the first settlers from England to the Colonies. There were parental differnces between idvidual familys that influenced the people relationship with the king as a parental figure. All of these and many more led up to the Republicanism flourished within the coloinies for various reasons. In England they had already established republican culture which was handed down to the colinist this with some resentment towards the crown lead to a more republican form of government than had ever been established elsewhere. Many of the colonist had no loyalty to the king because of social and religous problems in England. They had been pushed and prodded by the various lords and sometimes by the royal crown itself. This led to a sense contradiction from the king that was techinically their ruler, but they were republican having no loyalty towards him. The relationship with the king was not the only relationship to begin to decay prior to the revolution. The sense of the mother country and colonial relationships and hierarchies were beging to fail at this point. This was not uncommon for this period most if not all of Europe experienced democratic revolutions by the start of the 19th century. In America it was simply taken to whole new levels never before experienced by other nations. The rapid growth of american population forced western expansion. In addition to expasion there was a movement within the established colonies. This nearly constan polupation explosion with its westward expansion and its movement casued the tradional values of community to change, the traditional sence was impossiblt to maintain. Peoples...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

David L. Miller Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

David L. Miller - Case Study Example His characteristics made him difficult to detect because of hypocrisy and deceit in presenting himself. Miller is an innovate fraudster and extensive used various elements of opportunity triangle to steal funds. First, he committed fraud before concealing his record through falsification of records. Notably, he used to concealment techniques of rationalization, opportunity, and motive to commit fraud. Different pressures motivated Miller to embezzle such as the need to buy a car and pay for mortgages. He, therefore, rationalized his actions by starting a family and providing for them as a cover-up ploy.The framing of the T-shirt indicates Miller’s obsession with material possessions as a means of proving his integrity. This compels him to engage in fraud. One of the red flags that could have tipped off company includes Miller’s flashy lifestyle and expensive taste. Companies hesitate to prosecute white-collar criminals because it is expensive for the organization. Howev er, the consequence of not prosecuting such persons entails tainting of the company's image. Law enforcement officials, thus, should encourage more prosecution through in-depth investigating and put fraud deterrence mechanisms. Victimized companies had the opportunity to sue Miller and demand for compensation for their losses.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Find a Supreme Court case that deals with Section 1983 violations Essay

Find a Supreme Court case that deals with Section 1983 violations. Research the case in some depth - Essay Example It provides a remedy for deprivation of rights, such that the plaintiff has to prove personal involvement of the defendant, the defendant’s nature and quality of available immunity and the factors that will influence the alleged wrong. Defenses for federal, local and state government are qualified immunity in Section 1983 lawsuits. Additionally, prosecutors, judges and security officers have absolute immunity in Section 1983 lawsuits. Bivens claims that there has to be personal liability acting under the â€Å"Color of Law†. This implies that the person has to be subjected to the cause and must prove that they were deprived of their rights (Lippman 473). A Supreme Court case regarding civil remedies is Darling v. State of Florida; which took place in the Supreme Court of Florida. This case involved an inmate (Darling) challenging the use of lethal injections administered in accordance with sections 27.702 and 945.10, under the Florida Statues (2007). Additionally, the inmate wanted the court to overlook the mentioned sections and mentioned that Capital Collateral Regional Counsel Attorneys could not legally aid capital perpetrators like himself in challenging the execution method under Section 1983. The ruling rejected Darling’s claims but agreed with the claim regarding legal aid; by that permitting attorneys to file section 1983 for their capital defendant clients only of they are challenging the execution method. Clearly this case offered Capital Collateral Regional Counsel Attorneys representing capital defendants’ immunity as per section 1983. True to Bivens’ words, Darling had to prove he was deprived of h is civil rights. This he did by claiming that lethal injection method of execution is an unconstitutional and cruel punishment. This case opened the door for the capital defendant immunity as per section 1983; thereby gaining defense from post-conviction motions. In the light of the supreme law, the Appellee (state of Florida) acted within

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Descartes Views on God Essay Example for Free

Descartes Views on God Essay From reading some of his works, one might assume that Rene Descartes does not believe in the existence of a heavenly being, a God that presides over humans and gives us faith. I do not believe this to be the case. I believe that Descartes is simply trying to destroy all of the uncertainties that have come about do to inadequate explanations of such a supreme being. For Rene Descartes and all of the other believers in the world, the existence of God provides a convenient answer to unexplained questions, while never providing answers to the questions about God himself. This is evidenced a great deal in the circular argument made by Descartes in the Meditations on First Philosophy. What follows is a brief account of the third and fifth meditations, which provide Descartes response to the masked question, What is God? Can one perceive or confirm the existence of an idea that is external to him, an idea such as God? In order to determine the answer we must start by understanding the ways in which we can conclude an objects existence. Descartes explains three ways in which a person might come to such a conclusion ?the first, through nature; the second, through feeling a value that is independent of the will of the object; and the third, the objective reality of an idea, or the cause and effect profile. Descartes drills us with the idea that an object will have an effect when it stems from a legitimate cause, or an initial idea that precedes with equal or superior properties in ones intellect. In other words, the mind generates thoughts and ideas about a physical form, and develops a reality for this form, through previous schema and beliefs. And although an idea may give rise to another idea, this regress cannot, nevertheless, be infinite; we must in the end reach a first idea, the cause of which is, as it were, the archetype in which all the reality that is found objectively in these ideas is contained formally. The only problem with Descartes argument is when the existence of God arises as a notion, for there is no sustenance or idea for the notion of God to originate from. Is it possible, then, to create the idea of a finite being from an infinite existence, outside of the physical and mental, in a state all of its own? Descartes quickly answers that the response would be that a finite being cannot completely, if at all, comprehend the ideas that would cause God to exist, and therefore the basis for doubt is lost in an intangible proof. Additionally, the mere fact that he believes that there is a God provides yet another piece of proof towards His existence. This must be true, according to Descartes, with the provision that the idea and belief must have been placed in his consciousness by an outside factor. The final factor that convinces Descartes that there is a God is the fact of his own existence, along with the fact that he, himself, is not a God. This belief stems from the theory that if a man is independent from all other existence and ideas about forms and matter, then he has the ability to become infinite. Descartes says that if he himself were the author of his own being and independent of all existence, then he would attain a Godly level of existence. Ultimately, it is his own dependence on another being that proves to him that there is a God. Many people are bred into religion, or borne into a set of ideas about a particular infinite being. The interesting problem with most types of faith in this manner is that the scripture that has been deemed to come from your god is also the proof that God exists. This is the type of circular definition that Descartes is trying to avoid at all costs. Basically, its like using a word in its own definition, or ? the definition of an apple is an apple. The argument begins to get a little bit ambiguous when he begins discussing the uncertainty of his beliefs. He is, as he claims, as certain of the idea of the sun, the moon, the earth, even his own rational thought, as he is certain of Gods existence.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Foreshadowing in Anna Karenina :: Tolstoy Anna Karenina Essays

Foreshadowing in Anna Karenina      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout life there are situations which arise that seem to have been hinted earlier. You might not have noticed the hint when it first appeared, but suddenly at one point it finally dawns on you. The same goes for the literary aspect of foreshadowing. The novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy has many instances where the situations are similar to the one described above. The following paragraphs will present the foreshadowing that is included in this novel.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Anna Karenina is met by her brother Oblonsky at the train station, a scene arises that clues into a valuable part of the story. She had just met Vronsky and as Anna and Oblonsky   were leaving, a train personnel was hit by the train. Anna burst into tears and exclaims that it is a bad omen. Her brother calms her down but it is clearly evident that this part of the story gives an inclination to the mess Anna ends up being entangled in.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Late one evening, the doorbell rings and Oblonsky goes and greets the visitor. As Anna is walking to her bedroom, she glances over to see who had called at such a late hour. She immediately recognizes it to be Vronsky and she feels 'a strange feeling of pleasure mixed with a feeling of vague apprehension suddenly stirred in her heart.'( page 90)This tells of what may be the conflict in the plot.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The day after the great ball Anna announces that she must leave. Dolly expresses her gratitude toward everything Anna has done to help her in her time of crisis. She tells Anna that she does not know of a person with a greater heart. Anna tells her that Kitty was depressed because Vronsky spent the evening with her. She exclaims that it wasn't her fault. Dolly remarks that Anna sounds exactly like Stiva. Anna appears to be offended and says that she is nothing like Stiva. In the end she ends acting similar to Stiva.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kitty was quite depressed and Dolly knew what was troubling her. She went to visit Kitty and told her that she was going through what all women go through at one point in their life.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Lifestyle Change Assignment

We would also look to see how his behaviors in the morning can influence behaviors later In the day. Does he eat a large lunch because the donuts and coffee TLD hold him till noon? Does he drink another three cups of coffee at work because he Is feeling sluggish? After assessing his behavioral chain, we could then determine what the consequences are and construct strategies to help him to break one, or multiple, areas of the behavioral chain. 3. What cognitive strategies wants to be a size 8 for her high school reunion in three months' time?I would let her know that although I could possibly help her lose some weight in three months, to drop down to a size 8 would be more of a long-term goal. I would reassure her that she would be Just as beautiful at the high school reunion whether a size 22 or size 8. I could help her try and reach a goal of a size 18 or 20, and tone up a body part that she can show off (such as arms or legs). I would also refer her to a nutritionist who could prob ably help her, more than me, with the quick short-term weight loss that she wants. 4.Name three metaphors you could use to make a client feel okay about having relapses in their efforts to switch too healthier diet. One is a metaphor about a baby walking. Babies fall a lot when learning to walk, but we keep encouraging them. We don't tell them â€Å"forget it-?you will never walk†. A second metaphor is using football to demonstrate relapses. In football the team's long-term goal is to win. But the team also has a short-term goal of gaining yardage. Even though the team may not gain any yardage they don't give up the game; they keep playing working towards he long-term goal of winning.I will tell the client to think of the other times he has relapsed, and think how he still came back, and how much he has gained in that period of time. My favorite metaphor from the internet is: saying â€Å"Oh Eve already ruined my good eating today I'll Just eat crap† is like saying â⠂¬Å"Oh I dropped my phone on the floor I'll Just smash it till it breaks†. 5. The three-step protocol for behavior management/ lifestyle coaching is: ; Assessment ; Teaching ; Evaluation Why are these steps important? The only way to establish the clients concerns or goals is with an assessment.It also helps establish rapport between the lifestyle coach and client. The lifestyle coach needs to gather information from the client to learn about his stages of change, behaviors, situation, and family history, expectations, previous behavior change attempts, and exercise history. These help the lifestyle coach to modify plans and support especially for that client. Because most of a person's behavior are behaviors they have learned, they must learn how to change their negative behaviors. It is essential for the coach to teach the client.The teacher may give the client verbal feedback or describing observations. With the verbal feedback and/or enlightened by observations, the studen t can learn behavior modification. Evaluation is also important. Evaluation should be continuously evaluating the effectiveness of the coaching and client efforts. It is used to adjust and modify the goals, implementation, strategies, and effort. Without evaluation there is no way to establish if goals have been met or if the process is successfully working or helping.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

The Movie Antz Compared To Real World Political Systems

In the movie Antz, the colony's government was set up with the Queen as the supreme ruler over the entire colony. All decisions for life in the colony were made by the Queen. All ants were required to work together for the greater good of the colony. Ants were not allowed free thought or to be individuals and make choices for themselves. The Queen's daughter, Princess Balla, was to take over the Queen's position and rule the colony simply because she was the Queen's daughter. She inherited this right.There were three social classes of ants that were determined at birth, Royalty, Soldiers and Workers. They remained in that class their entire life and are not allowed to mix between the classes or change. Each of the classes entitled ants to different rights and styles of living, with Royalty being the top citizens and workers the bottom citizens. Within each of the classes, all ants were equal and expected to follow the rules of the colony. There was a General appointed by the Queen th at ruled over the soldiers. The purpose of the army was to protect the colony.The Queen ruled the Ant Colony in all of the ways of a Monarchy. The right to rule the Colony is inherited at birth. In this case, the Queen, is the supreme ruler of the Colony. The Queen has all of the wealth of the colony and determines how it is divided among the colony. As in a Monarchy, the Queen will rule the Colony for her entire life and then control will be inherited by her family. The Queen makes all final decisions for the Colony. She also rules with with the idea to â€Å"work together for the greater good of the Colony†.The Colony Government also resembles a Communist government because they were not allowed any free thought or choice. All of the ants carried out life like programmed robots. This was true under both the Queen and General Mandible. However, her goals were for the greater good of the colony as a whole which is more like a Monarchy. General Mandible's goals were self servi ng which is like a Dictatorship. General Mandible lead the soldiers with an iron fist. His leadership style was very much like that of a Dictatorship.A dictatorship does not allow any freedom or individual thought to the people. Many of General Mandible's traits were the same as Adolph Hitler's dictatorship way of ruling. General Mandible felt the way to total control was to â€Å"cleanse the colony† and make a new â€Å"pure colony† according to his ideas of the perfect class of people. Hitler had the same goal. To achieve this they needed complete and total control of everything. They did not allow anyone to question their directions, not even their second in command. To do so would mean death in a dictatorship.General Mandible stated â€Å"do as I say or suffer execution†. Both General Mandible and Hitler had commanders under them that were required to enforce and carry out their orders. They were both planning to use genocide to get rid of the classes of peo ple they felt were inferior to themselves. General Mandible's dream was for â€Å"the strong to rise above the weak and wash away the past for a new day to dawn†. He wanted to build a colony with none of the â€Å"worker filth†. Even though General Mandible told the soldiers it was bad to act as an individual, that is exactly how he behaved.Under General Mandible's rule there would be no private ownership of property and he would determine how the wealth was to be divided which is another trait of a Dictatorship. Insectopia is an example of Anarchy because there are no leaders, no rules and no government. Each individual does whatever they want all of the time. The goal is peace and harmony. Although there is the ultimate freedoms with Anarchy, the system can quickly become chaotic due to the lack of any government authority if any one group tries to control another.Z wants to experience all there is to life and not be told what to do and how to do it. He sees Insectop ia as the perfect place to live because of the total freedom. The changes that occurred at the end of the movie with the General being defeated and royalty, soldiers and workers coming together reminded me of the changes that occurred in the USSR with the fall of the controlling government and the beginning of a democracy. The new Colony recognized the good that can come from individual freedoms and choices that are allowed in a democracy.The Colony came together as one whole and chose their new leaders the way an election happens in a democracy. These leaders would work with the Colony to carry out the wishes of the majority of the Colony with no one class being better than another. The individuals would now be free to make their decisions of daily living based on what they wanted. There were still some basic rules that would need to be in place to assure no one group got too powerful and tried to take over control. This is how democracy works in the USA with the people electing th eir leaders based on the majority wishes for a representative democracy. The Movie Antz Compared To Real World Political Systems In the movie Antz, the colony's government was set up with the Queen as the supreme ruler over the entire colony. All decisions for life in the colony were made by the Queen. All ants were required to work together for the greater good of the colony. Ants were not allowed free thought or to be individuals and make choices for themselves. The Queen's daughter, Princess Balla, was to take over the Queen's position and rule the colony simply because she was the Queen's daughter. She inherited this right. There were three social classes of ants that were determined at birth, Royalty, Soldiers and Workers.They remained in that class their entire life and are not allowed to mix between the classes or change. Each of the classes entitled ants to different rights and styles of living, with Royalty being the top citizens and workers the bottom citizens. Within each of the classes, all ants were equal and expected to follow the rules of the colony. There was a General appointed by the Queen th at ruled over the soldiers. The purpose of the army was to protect the colony.The Queen ruled the Ant Colony in all of the ways of a Monarchy. The right to rule the Colony is inherited at birth. In this case, the Queen, is the supreme ruler of the Colony. The Queen has all of the wealth of the colony and determines how it is divided among the colony. As in a Monarchy, the Queen will rule the Colony for her entire life and then control will be inherited by her family. The Queen makes all final decisions for the Colony. She also rules with with the idea to â€Å"work together for the greater good of the Colony†.The Colony Government also resembles a Communist government because they were not allowed any free thought or choice. All of the ants carried out life like programmed robots. This was true under both the Queen and General Mandible. However, her goals were for the greater good of the colony as a whole which is more like a Monarchy. General Mandible's goals were self servi ng which is like a Dictatorship.General Mandible lead the soldiers with an iron fist. His leadership style  was very much like that of a Dictatorship. A dictatorship does not allow any freedom or individual thought to the people. Many of General Mandible's traits were the same as Adolph Hitler's dictatorship way of ruling. General Mandible felt the way to total control was to â€Å"cleanse the colony† and make a new â€Å"pure colony† according to his ideas of the perfect class of people. Hitler had the same goal. To achieve this they needed complete and total control of everything.They did not allow anyone to question their directions, not even their second in command. To do so would mean death in a dictatorship. General Mandible stated â€Å"do as I say or suffer execution†. Both General Mandible and Hitler had commanders under them that were required to enforce and carry out their orders. They were both planning to use genocide to get rid of the classes of people they felt were inferior to themselves. General Mandible's dream was for â€Å"the strong to rise above the weak and wash away the past for a new day to dawn†.He wanted to build a colony with none of the â€Å"worker filth†. Even though General Mandible told the soldiers it was bad to act as an individual, that is exactly how he behaved. Under General Mandible's rule there would be no private ownership of property and he would determine how the wealth was to be divided which is another trait of a Dictatorship.Insectopia is an example of Anarchy because there are no leaders, no rules and no government. Each individual does whatever they want all of the time. The goal is peace and harmony. Although there is the ultimate freedoms with Anarchy, the system can quickly become chaotic due to the lack of any government authority if any one group tries to control another. Z wants to experience all there is to life and not be told what to do and how to do it. He sees Insec topia as the perfect place to live because of the total freedom.The changes that occurred at the end of the movie with the General being defeated and royalty, soldiers and workers coming together reminded me of the changes that occurred in the USSR with the fall of the controlling government and the beginning of a democracy. The new Colony recognized the good that can come from individual freedoms and choices that are allowed in a democracy.The Colony came together as one whole and chose their new leaders the way an election happens in a democracy. These leaders would work with the Colony to carry out the wishes of the majority of the Colony with no one class being better than another. The individuals would now be free to make their decisions of daily living based on what they wanted. There were still some basic rules that would need to be in place to assure no one group got too powerful and tried to take over control. This is how democracy works in the USA with the people electing their leaders based on the majority wishes for a representative democracy.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How to Calculate Atomic Weight

How to Calculate Atomic Weight The atomic weight of an element depends on the abundance of its isotopes. If you know the mass of the isotopes and the fractional abundance of the isotopes, you can calculate the elements atomic weight in atomic mass units (expressed as u, Da, or amu). The atomic weight is calculated by adding the mass of each isotope multiplied by its fractional abundance. For example, for an element with 2 isotopes: atomic weight massa x fracta massb x fractb If there were three isotopes, you would add a c entry. If there were four isotopes, youd add a d, etc. Atomic Weight Calculation Example If chlorine has two naturally-occurring isotopes where: Cl-35 mass is 34.968852 and fract is 0.7577Cl-37 mass is 36.965303 and fract is 0.2423 atomic weight massa x fracta massb x fracb atomic weight 34.968852 x 0.7577 36.965303 x 0.2423 atomic weight 26.496 amu 8.9566 amu atomic weight 35.45 amu Tips for Calculating Atomic Weight The sum of the fractional abundance values must equal 1.Be sure to use the mass or weight of each isotope and not its mass number.